The results of the assessment of those activities and factors
considered to be adversely affecting feature condition, in relation
to the total of features assessed, are summarised in Figure
5. See Annex 1 for a list of the categories agreed for
reporting purposes at a UK level.
Lack of remedial management is mentioned most often as the
factor causing unfavourable condition. In many cases this
relates to long-term neglect or gradual deterioration, and is a
signal call that conservation management is required. Grazing
(either under-grazing or over-grazing) is mentioned very commonly,
for many feature types, as the activity causing unfavourable
condition. It is perhaps the largest single cause for
concern. It is, for example, the main factor suggested for
the unfavourable condition of lowland heathland; the habitat in
worst condition. There is a general trend toward over-grazing
in upland habitats and under-grazing in the lowlands.
Over-grazing leads to loss of vegetation structure and the
failure of more palatable or vulnerable species to reproduce and
maintain themselves. It can also lead to the loss of plant
species and associated fauna, and the spread of rank, unpalatable
plant species. In extreme cases, very heavy grazing and
trampling can lead to exposure of bare soil and erosion.
Under-grazing commonly results in scrub encroachment, sometimes
together with invasive species problems. There is a need, in
many habitats, for grazing to be undertaken at the right time and
with the right intensity.